[FFmpeg]基于FFmpeg技术的视音频编解码
本文介绍一个简单的基于FFmpeg的转码器。转码器在视音频编解码处理的程序中,属于一个比较复杂的东西。因为它结合了视频的解码和编码。一个视 频播放器,一般只包含解码功能;一个视频编码工具,一般只包含编码功能;而一个视频转码器,则需要先对视频进行解码,然后再对视频进行编码,因而相当于解 码器和编码器的结合。下图例举了一个视频的转码流程。输入视频的封装格式是FLV,视频编码标准是H.264,音频编码标准是AAC;输出视频的封装格式 是AVI,视频编码标准是MPEG2,音频编码标准是MP3。从流程中可以看出,首先从输入视频中分离出视频码流和音频压缩码流,然后分别将视频码流和音 频码流进行解码,获取到非压缩的像素数据/音频采样数据,接着将非压缩的像素数据/音频采样数据重新进行编码,获得重新编码后的视频码流和音频码流,最后 将视频码流和音频码流重新封装成一个文件。
本文介绍的视频转码器正是使用FFMPEG类库从编程的角度实现了上述流程。
下面贴上代码,代码是从FFmpeg的例子改编的,平台是VC2010,类库版本是2014.5.6
- /*
- *最简单的基于FFmpeg的转码器
- *Simplest FFmpeg Transcoder
- *
- *雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
- *leixiaohua1020@126.com
- *中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
- *Communication University of China / DigitalTV Technology
- *http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
- *
- *本程序实现了视频格式之间的转换。是一个最简单的视频转码程序。
- *
- */
- #include "stdafx.h"
- extern "C"
- {
- #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
- #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
- #include "libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h"
- #include "libavfilter/avcodec.h"
- #include "libavfilter/buffersink.h"
- #include "libavfilter/buffersrc.h"
- #include "libavutil/avutil.h"
- #include "libavutil/opt.h"
- #include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
- };
- static AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx;
- static AVFormatContext *ofmt_ctx;
- typedef struct FilteringContext{
- AVFilterContext*buffersink_ctx;
- AVFilterContext*buffersrc_ctx;
- AVFilterGraph*filter_graph;
- } FilteringContext;
- static FilteringContext *filter_ctx;
- static int open_input_file(const char *filename)
- {
- int ret;
- unsigned int i;
- ifmt_ctx =NULL;
- if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx,filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot openinput file\n");
- return ret;
- }
- if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, NULL))< 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot findstream information\n");
- return ret;
- }
- for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
- AVStream*stream;
- AVCodecContext *codec_ctx;
- stream =ifmt_ctx->streams[i];
- codec_ctx =stream->codec;
- /* Reencode video & audio and remux subtitles etc. */
- if (codec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO
- ||codec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
- /* Open decoder */
- ret =avcodec_open2(codec_ctx,
- avcodec_find_decoder(codec_ctx->codec_id), NULL);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed toopen decoder for stream #%u\n", i);
- return ret;
- }
- }
- }
- av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx, 0, filename, 0);
- return 0;
- }
- static int open_output_file(const char *filename)
- {
- AVStream*out_stream;
- AVStream*in_stream;
- AVCodecContext*dec_ctx, *enc_ctx;
- AVCodec*encoder;
- int ret;
- unsigned int i;
- ofmt_ctx =NULL;
- avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, filename);
- if (!ofmt_ctx) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could notcreate output context\n");
- return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
- }
- for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
- out_stream= avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
- if (!out_stream) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failedallocating output stream\n");
- return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
- }
- in_stream =ifmt_ctx->streams[i];
- dec_ctx =in_stream->codec;
- enc_ctx =out_stream->codec;
- if (dec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO
- ||dec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
- /* in this example, we choose transcoding to same codec */
- encoder= avcodec_find_encoder(dec_ctx->codec_id);
- /* In this example, we transcode to same properties(picture size,
- * sample rate etc.). These properties can be changed for output
- * streams easily using filters */
- if (dec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
- enc_ctx->height = dec_ctx->height;
- enc_ctx->width = dec_ctx->width;
- enc_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio = dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio;
- /* take first format from list of supported formats */
- enc_ctx->pix_fmt = encoder->pix_fmts[0];
- /* video time_base can be set to whatever is handy andsupported by encoder */
- enc_ctx->time_base = dec_ctx->time_base;
- } else {
- enc_ctx->sample_rate = dec_ctx->sample_rate;
- enc_ctx->channel_layout = dec_ctx->channel_layout;
- enc_ctx->channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(enc_ctx->channel_layout);
- /* take first format from list of supported formats */
- enc_ctx->sample_fmt = encoder->sample_fmts[0];
- AVRationaltime_base={1, enc_ctx->sample_rate};
- enc_ctx->time_basetime_base = time_base;
- }
- /* Third parameter can be used to pass settings to encoder*/
- ret =avcodec_open2(enc_ctx, encoder, NULL);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot openvideo encoder for stream #%u\n", i);
- return ret;
- }
- } else if(dec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Elementarystream #%d is of unknown type, cannot proceed\n", i);
- return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
- } else {
- /* if this stream must be remuxed */
- ret =avcodec_copy_context(ofmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Copyingstream context failed\n");
- return ret;
- }
- }
- if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags &AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
- enc_ctx->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
- }
- av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, filename, 1);
- if (!(ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags &AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
- ret =avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could notopen output file '%s'", filename);
- return ret;
- }
- }
- /* init muxer, write output file header */
- ret =avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL,AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error occurred when openingoutput file\n");
- return ret;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- static intinit_filter(FilteringContext* fctx, AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
- AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, const char *filter_spec)
- {
- char args[512];
- int ret = 0;
- AVFilter*buffersrc = NULL;
- AVFilter*buffersink = NULL;
- AVFilterContext*buffersrc_ctx = NULL;
- AVFilterContext*buffersink_ctx = NULL;
- AVFilterInOut*outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
- AVFilterInOut*inputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
- AVFilterGraph*filter_graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
- if (!outputs || !inputs || !filter_graph) {
- ret =AVERROR(ENOMEM);
- goto end;
- }
- if (dec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
- buffersrc =avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");
- buffersink= avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
- if (!buffersrc || !buffersink) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "filteringsource or sink element not found\n");
- ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
- goto end;
- }
- _snprintf(args, sizeof(args),
- "video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d",
- dec_ctx->width, dec_ctx->height, dec_ctx->pix_fmt,
- dec_ctx->time_base.num,dec_ctx->time_base.den,
- dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num,
- dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den);
- ret =avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",
- args, NULL, filter_graph);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannotcreate buffer source\n");
- goto end;
- }
- ret =avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",
- NULL, NULL, filter_graph);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannotcreate buffer sink\n");
- goto end;
- }
- ret =av_opt_set_bin(buffersink_ctx, "pix_fmts",
- (uint8_t*)&enc_ctx->pix_fmt, sizeof(enc_ctx->pix_fmt),
- AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot setoutput pixel format\n");
- goto end;
- }
- } else if(dec_ctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
- buffersrc = avfilter_get_by_name("abuffer");
- buffersink= avfilter_get_by_name("abuffersink");
- if (!buffersrc || !buffersink) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "filteringsource or sink element not found\n");
- ret =AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
- goto end;
- }
- if (!dec_ctx->channel_layout)
- dec_ctx->channel_layout =
- av_get_default_channel_layout(dec_ctx->channels);
- _snprintf(args, sizeof(args),
- "time_base=%d/%d:sample_rate=%d:sample_fmt=%s:channel_layout=0x%I64x",
- dec_ctx->time_base.num, dec_ctx->time_base.den,dec_ctx->sample_rate,
- av_get_sample_fmt_name(dec_ctx->sample_fmt),
- dec_ctx->channel_layout);
- ret =avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",
- args, NULL, filter_graph);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannotcreate audio buffer source\n");
- goto end;
- }
- ret =avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",
- NULL, NULL, filter_graph);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannotcreate audio buffer sink\n");
- goto end;
- }
- ret = av_opt_set_bin(buffersink_ctx, "sample_fmts",
- (uint8_t*)&enc_ctx->sample_fmt, sizeof(enc_ctx->sample_fmt),
- AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot setoutput sample format\n");
- goto end;
- }
- ret =av_opt_set_bin(buffersink_ctx, "channel_layouts",
- (uint8_t*)&enc_ctx->channel_layout,
- sizeof(enc_ctx->channel_layout),AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot setoutput channel layout\n");
- goto end;
- }
- ret =av_opt_set_bin(buffersink_ctx, "sample_rates",
- (uint8_t*)&enc_ctx->sample_rate, sizeof(enc_ctx->sample_rate),
- AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot setoutput sample rate\n");
- goto end;
- }
- } else {
- ret =AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
- goto end;
- }
- /* Endpoints for the filter graph. */
- outputs->name =av_strdup("in");
- outputs->filter_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;
- outputs->pad_idx = 0;
- outputs->next = NULL;
- inputs->name = av_strdup("out");
- inputs->filter_ctx = buffersink_ctx;
- inputs->pad_idx = 0;
- inputs->next = NULL;
- if (!outputs->name || !inputs->name) {
- ret =AVERROR(ENOMEM);
- goto end;
- }
- if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filter_graph,filter_spec,
- &inputs, &outputs, NULL)) < 0)
- goto end;
- if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(filter_graph, NULL))< 0)
- goto end;
- /* Fill FilteringContext */
- fctx->buffersrc_ctxbuffersrc_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;
- fctx->buffersink_ctxbuffersink_ctx = buffersink_ctx;
- fctx->filter_graphfilter_graph= filter_graph;
- end:
- avfilter_inout_free(&inputs);
- avfilter_inout_free(&outputs);
- return ret;
- }
- static int init_filters(void)
- {
- const char*filter_spec;
- unsigned int i;
- int ret;
- filter_ctx =(FilteringContext *)av_malloc_array(ifmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(*filter_ctx));
- if (!filter_ctx)
- return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
- for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
- filter_ctx[i].buffersrc_ctx =NULL;
- filter_ctx[i].buffersink_ctx= NULL;
- filter_ctx[i].filter_graph =NULL;
- if(!(ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO
- ||ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO))
- continue;
- if (ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type== AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
- filter_spec = "null"; /* passthrough (dummy) filter for video */
- else
- filter_spec = "anull"; /* passthrough (dummy) filter for audio */
- ret =init_filter(&filter_ctx[i], ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec, filter_spec);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- static intencode_write_frame(AVFrame *filt_frame, unsignedint stream_index, int*got_frame) {
- int ret;
- int got_frame_local;
- AVPacketenc_pkt;
- int (*enc_func)(AVCodecContext *, AVPacket *, const AVFrame *, int*) =
- (ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->codec_type ==
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) ? avcodec_encode_video2 : avcodec_encode_audio2;
- if (!got_frame)
- got_frame =&got_frame_local;
- av_log(NULL,AV_LOG_INFO, "Encoding frame\n");
- /* encode filtered frame */
- enc_pkt.data =NULL;
- enc_pkt.size =0;
- av_init_packet(&enc_pkt);
- ret =enc_func(ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec, &enc_pkt,
- filt_frame, got_frame);
- av_frame_free(&filt_frame);
- if (ret < 0)
- return ret;
- if (!(*got_frame))
- return 0;
- /* prepare packet for muxing */
- enc_pkt.stream_index = stream_index;
- enc_pkt.dts =av_rescale_q_rnd(enc_pkt.dts,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->time_base,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
- enc_pkt.pts =av_rescale_q_rnd(enc_pkt.pts,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->time_base,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
- enc_pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(enc_pkt.duration,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->time_base,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base);
- av_log(NULL,AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Muxing frame\n");
- /* mux encoded frame */
- ret =av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &enc_pkt);
- return ret;
- }
- static intfilter_encode_write_frame(AVFrame *frame, unsignedint stream_index)
- {
- int ret;
- AVFrame*filt_frame;
- av_log(NULL,AV_LOG_INFO, "Pushing decoded frame tofilters\n");
- /* push the decoded frame into the filtergraph */
- ret =av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(filter_ctx[stream_index].buffersrc_ctx,
- frame,0);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error whilefeeding the filtergraph\n");
- return ret;
- }
- /* pull filtered frames from the filtergraph */
- while (1) {
- filt_frame= av_frame_alloc();
- if (!filt_frame) {
- ret =AVERROR(ENOMEM);
- break;
- }
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Pullingfiltered frame from filters\n");
- ret =av_buffersink_get_frame(filter_ctx[stream_index].buffersink_ctx,
- filt_frame);
- if (ret < 0) {
- /* if nomore frames for output - returns AVERROR(EAGAIN)
- * if flushed and no more frames for output - returns AVERROR_EOF
- * rewrite retcode to 0 to show it as normal procedure completion
- */
- if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
- ret= 0;
- av_frame_free(&filt_frame);
- break;
- }
- filt_frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_NONE;
- ret =encode_write_frame(filt_frame, stream_index, NULL);
- if (ret < 0)
- break;
- }
- return ret;
- }
- static int flush_encoder(unsigned intstream_index)
- {
- int ret;
- int got_frame;
- if(!(ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->codec->capabilities&
- CODEC_CAP_DELAY))
- return 0;
- while (1) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Flushingstream #%u encoder\n", stream_index);
- ret =encode_write_frame(NULL, stream_index, &got_frame);
- if (ret < 0)
- break;
- if (!got_frame)
- return 0;
- }
- return ret;
- }
- int_tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- int ret;
- AVPacketpacket;
- AVFrame *frame= NULL;
- enum AVMediaType type;
- unsigned intstream_index;
- unsigned int i;
- int got_frame;
- int (*dec_func)(AVCodecContext *, AVFrame *, int *, const AVPacket*);
- if (argc != 3) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Usage: %s<input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
- return 1;
- }
- av_register_all();
- avfilter_register_all();
- if ((ret = open_input_file(argv[1])) < 0)
- goto end;
- if ((ret = open_output_file(argv[2])) < 0)
- goto end;
- if ((ret = init_filters()) < 0)
- goto end;
- /* read all packets */
- while (1) {
- if ((ret= av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &packet)) < 0)
- break;
- stream_index = packet.stream_index;
- type =ifmt_ctx->streams[packet.stream_index]->codec->codec_type;
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Demuxergave frame of stream_index %u\n",
- stream_index);
- if (filter_ctx[stream_index].filter_graph) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Going toreencode&filter the frame\n");
- frame =av_frame_alloc();
- if (!frame) {
- ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
- break;
- }
- packet.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.dts,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->time_base,
- (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
- packet.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.pts,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->time_base,
- (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
- dec_func = (type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) ? avcodec_decode_video2 :
- avcodec_decode_audio4;
- ret =dec_func(ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec, frame,
- &got_frame, &packet);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_frame_free(&frame);
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Decodingfailed\n");
- break;
- }
- if (got_frame) {
- frame->pts = av_frame_get_best_effort_timestamp(frame);
- ret= filter_encode_write_frame(frame, stream_index);
- av_frame_free(&frame);
- if (ret< 0)
- goto end;
- } else {
- av_frame_free(&frame);
- }
- } else {
- /* remux this frame without reencoding */
- packet.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.dts,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
- packet.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.pts,
- ifmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->time_base,
- (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
- ret =av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &packet);
- if (ret < 0)
- goto end;
- }
- av_free_packet(&packet);
- }
- /* flush filters and encoders */
- for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
- /* flush filter */
- if (!filter_ctx[i].filter_graph)
- continue;
- ret =filter_encode_write_frame(NULL, i);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Flushingfilter failed\n");
- goto end;
- }
- /* flush encoder */
- ret = flush_encoder(i);
- if (ret < 0) {
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Flushingencoder failed\n");
- goto end;
- }
- }
- av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);
- end:
- av_free_packet(&packet);
- av_frame_free(&frame);
- for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
- avcodec_close(ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec);
- if (ofmt_ctx && ofmt_ctx->nb_streams >i && ofmt_ctx->streams[i] &&ofmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec)
- avcodec_close(ofmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec);
- if(filter_ctx && filter_ctx[i].filter_graph)
- avfilter_graph_free(&filter_ctx[i].filter_graph);
- }
- av_free(filter_ctx);
- avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx);
- if (ofmt_ctx &&!(ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
- avio_close(ofmt_ctx->pb);
- avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx);
- if (ret < 0)
- av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Erroroccurred\n");
- return (ret? 1:0);
- }
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